T1 digital carrier system is a
North American digital multiplexing standard since 1963. T1 stands for
transmission one and specifies a digital carrier system using PCM encoded
analog signal.
A T1 carrier system is time
division multiplexes PCM encoded samples from 24 voice band channels for
transmission over a single metallic wire pair or optical fiber transmission
line. Each voice band channel has BW around 300Hz to 3000KHz.
T1
Digital System
A multiplexer is simply a digital
switch with 24 independent inputs and one time division multiplexed output. The
PCM output signals from 24 voice band channels are sequentially selected and
connected through the multiplexer to the transmission line. With T1 carrier
system, there is sampling, encoding and multiplexing of 24 voice band channels.
Each channel contains an 8-bit PCM code and sampled 8000 times a second. Each
channel is sampled at same rate but not at same time. The figure shows that, each
channel is sampled once in each frame, but not at same time. Each channel’s
sample is offset from previous channel’s sample by 1/24 of total frame time.
Therefore one 64Kbps PCM encoded sample is transmitted for each voice band
channel during each frame. The line Speed is calculated as:
T-1
Frame Structure
An additional bit (called framing
bit) is added to each frame. The framing bit occurs once per frame (8000bps
rate) and recovered in receiver, where it is used to maintain frame and sample
synchronization between TDM transmitter and receiver. So each frame contains
193 bits and line speed for T1 digital carrier system is
AMI line coding is used for T1
digital Systems.
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